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The Empire State Pride Agenda (ESPA) is a statewide political advocacy organization in New York that advocates for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights, including same-sex marriage.〔 ESPA was founded in 1990 through the merger of the New York State Gay and Lesbian Lobby and the Friends and Advocates for Individual Rights.〔Hellman, Ronald E. and Jack Drescher, Handbook of LGBT Issues in Community Mental Health, Volume 8, Issues 3-4 of Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy, Psychology Press, 2005, ISBN 0-7890-2310-5, ISBN 978-0-7890-2310-0, pages 6-7.〕〔"Transitions", page 19, ''The Advocate'', April 2, 1996.〕 ESPA is considered the leading gay political organization in the State of New York.〔Buchanan, Angela Marie and Bay Buchanan, The extreme makeover of Hillary (Rodham) Clinton, Regnery Publishing, 2007, ISBN 1-59698-507-0, ISBN 978-1-59698-507-0, page 145-6.〕 As of 2005, ESPA was the largest statewide lesbian and gay political advocacy and civil rights organization in the United States.〔Greg Hernandez, "Growing the Grass Roots", page 35-7, ''The Advocate'', July 19, 2005.〕 ESPA played a leading role in the late 1980s and early 1990s, along with groups representing other minorities, in surveying and consulting on a new districting process for the City Council of New York City; according to some, these efforts resulted in the most diverse City Council since the 1930s.〔Bailey, Robert W., Gay Politics, Urban Politics: Identity and Economics in the Urban Setting, Columbia University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-231-09662-3, ISBN 978-0-231-09662-1, pages 222-241.〕 Dick Dadey served as first executive director from 1991-1997.〔"Transitions", page 12, ''The Advocate'', September 30, 1997.〕 ESPA has been the driving force in negotiating New York City's comprehensive domestic partnership law, passing a statewide hate crimes law, repealing a 150-year-old consensual sodomy statute, and enacting local non-discrimination laws and policies in Buffalo, Ithaca, Nassau County, and Westchester County.〔〔Mucciaroni, pages 206-7.〕 Each year, ESPA outlines legislative, electoral and organizing priorities for the state.〔Stryker et al, page 259-260.〕 In 2012, ESPA received press attention when, approaching the end of Ross D. Levi's second year as executive director, it assigned his duties to his deputy Lynn Faria pending a long-term replacement.〔Celeste Katz, ("Ross Levi Is Done As ESPA Executive Director" ), March 6, 2012, ''New York Daily News''.〕〔("Press Release: Ross Levi named Executive Director of the Empire State Pride Agenda" ), May 22, 2010〕 ESPA is a member of the Equality Federation. ==History== In June 1994, ESPA, along with the New York City chapter of the Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation, produced a full-page advertisement in the ''New York Times'' to counteract the "religious right" portrayal of us as "a scary specter"; more than 1,000 gay and lesbian New Yorkers came out about their non-heterosexuality.〔"Read About It", page 17, ''The Advocate'', July 12, 1994.〕 In 1994, ESPA joined a network of liberal and progressive groups to counteract the "right-wing" Christian Right's "stealth strategy" to getting people elected to local school boards by "hiding their opposition to critical thinking, bilingual programs, multicultural education, and ultimately to public schooling itself".〔Anner, pages 37-41.〕 In 1996, ESPA joined the Freedom to Marry Coalition (Marriage Project).〔John Gallagher, "The Great Gay Marriage Debate", pages 35-6, ''The Advocate'', February 20, 1996.〕 In 1997, ESPA helped educate advocates on how to push for hate-crimes legislation.〔Todd Savage, "Taking It To The People: Activists Spread Clinton's Hate-Crimes Message to Middle America", pages 33-34, ''The Advocate'', December 9, 1997.〕 In 1998, ESPA launched "Pride in the Pulpit," a program to combat the use of religion to advance anti-LGBT amendments and legislation; in 2005, more than 450 non-LGBT religious leaders participated.〔Sarah Wildman, "Faith-based Equality: What Would Jesus do, Indeed. Hundreds of straight Religious Leaders are Coming Out in Support of Gay Men and Lesbians-Both in Speaking to Their Congregations and Lobbying Lawmakers", ''The Advocate'', pages 37-8, September 13, 2005.〕 In 1999, ESPA Co-Chair Jeff Soref was named a part of ''Out'' magazine's "Out 100" for his work with ESPA and his efforts to push for a rule change to provide gays and lesbians more representation at the 2000 convention of the Democratic National Committee.〔"Welcome to the Out 100", ''Out'', page, 54, January 1999.〕 In the early 2000s, ESPA, together with a local Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network, convened the Dignity for All Students Coalition, bringing fifty community groups together to work on anti-bullying and anti-discrimination legislation.〔Perrotti, page 41.〕 ESPA was a strong advocate for a 2000 hate crimes law that provided enhanced criminal penalties for crimes motivated by hatred on the basis of sexual orientation.〔() New York Daily News, 7/11/2000〕 In 2001 and 2002, ESPA worked to ensure that same-sex partners of September 11 attack victims received equal financial assistance, as many same-sex partners of those who perished in the attacks were initially denied any compensation.〔Mubarak Dahir, "Terrorism Aftermath: Sidelined Survivors? Already Grief-Stricken, Same Sex Partners of Terrorist Attack Victims May Have To Fight For Equal Benefits", ''The Advocate'', page 15, November 6, 2001.〕〔Crotty, page 43.〕〔"September 11: No Respite For Surviving Partners", page 16, ''The Advocate'', April 16, 2002.〕〔Mubarak Dahir, "September 11: Are All Survivors Equal?", pages 26-9, ''The Advocate'', September 17, 2002.〕 In October 2002, Governor George Pataki decreed that same-sex partners as well as unmarried partners of survivors would receive benefits equal to married partners, and on a national level, Senator Hillary Clinton called for coverage for those affected by the Pennsylvania and Washington D.C. attacks.〔"Equal Grief, Equal Benefits", page 16, ''The Advocate", November 20, 2001.〕 Three bills that passed in 2002—each of which was advocated by ESPA—provided various benefits and protections to the surviving same-sex partners of individuals who perished in the September 11 attacks.〔()〕 In December 2001, ESPA executive director Matt Foreman was recognized by U.S. Representative Jerrold Nadler for his work with ESPA since 1997.〔U.S. Congressional Record, Proceedings and Debates of the 170th Congress, First Session, Volume 147, Part 17, page 24556, November 29, 2001 to December 10, 2001. United States Printing Office.〕 Foreman served as executive director of ESPA from 1997 to 2003, when he departed to become executive director of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.〔Christopher Tkaczyk, "Foreman at the Task Force", page 14, ''The Advocate, May 13, 2003.〕 In 2002, the New York State legislature passed Sexual Orientation Non-Discrimination Act (SONDA) with ESPA being the "major lobbying muscle".〔Swan, page 107.〕 SONDA was criticized for not covering transgendered individuals, but observers felt that the inclusion of gender identity as a protected category would make it impossible to pass the bill (which had first been introduced in 1971).〔〔Muscio, pages 257-8.〕〔Sycamore, page 52.〕 In April 2004 Alan Van Capelle was named as the new executive director.〔"News of the Year: April", page 24, ''The Advocate'', January 20, 2004.〕 SONDA was passed in December 2002, not covering transgender people but "laying the foundation for winning full equality" according to Foreman.〔Lewis Whittington, "Equal Rights, At Long Last", page 16, ''The Advocate'', February 4, 2003.〕 In October 2003, Carmen Vázquez, formerly of LGBT Community Center of NYC, was appointed deputy executive director of ESPA.〔"Transitions", page 19, ''The Advocate'', October 28, 2003.〕 In June 2004, the annual ''Equality at Work'' awards honoring companies and individuals that work to create an "inclusive workspace that respects, welcomes and supports LGBT professionals" were launched. The 2005 recipients were American Express, ''The Village Voice'', Michael Fishman, president of 32BJ SEIU, and James Berg, president of the Realty Advisory Board on Labor Relations.〔"I Have Pride In My Workplace", page 177, ''The Advocate'', June 21, 2005.〕 The 2006 recipients were Merrill Lynch, Kodak, and Kym Ward Gaffney at Price Waterhouse Coopers.〔"Equality at Work Awards", page 11, ''The Advocate'', June 6, 2006.〕 ESPA helped pass an August 2004 law guaranteeing same-sex partners hospital visitation rights identical to those enjoyed by spouses and next-of-kin when caring for loved ones in hospitals and other facilities.〔〔()〕 In October 2004, ESPA held its 13th Annual Fall Dinner with keynote speaker San Francisco mayor Gavin Newsom; the Fall Dinner benefited the Empire State Pride Agenda Foundation, which is the non-partisan, 501(c)(3) research, education and advocacy arm of the organization.〔''The Advocate'', September 28, 2004, No. 923, page 42, ISSN 0001-8996, Here Publishing〕 The ESPA Foundation, in partnership with the New York State Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Health and Human Services Network, "developed and utilized education, advocacy and community organizing strategies to overcome the barriers of political and cultural opposition, inadequate knowledge about the health care needs of the community, and heterocentric models of healthcare" to obtain governmental health and wellness funds targeted for LGBT health needs.〔Healy, page 44.〕 The effort resulted in $10.7 million in state funding for non-HIV/AIDS LGBT service needs, including primary care, preventative health needs, crime victim assistance, and support services for the state and for youth, seniors and people of color.〔Healy, page 43.〕 In 2005, ESPA helped to pass legislation providing same-sex partners the same authority as spouses when making decisions regarding the burial of a deceased partner.〔〔 In October 2005, ESPA joined the Lambda Legal Defense Fund and a coalition of anti-censorship groups to oppose a new zoning law that would shut down an estimated 149 adult-oriented bookstores, theaters and clubs including all of the businesses on Christopher Street.〔During, page 357-8.〕 In 2007, same-sex marriage legislation passed the New York State Assembly by a vote of 85-61. ESPA has been a leading supporter of same-sex marriage legislation in New York. In 2008, the ESPA-supported Gender Expression Nondiscrimination Act passed the New York State Assembly for the first time.〔 On December 2, 2009, ESPA-supported same-sex marriage legislation failed in the New York State Senate by a vote of 24-38. On May 14, 2010, a ''New York Times'' blog〔("Gay Rights Group to Choose a New Leader" ), Jeremy W. Peters, "City Room", ''New York Times''〕 reported that ESPA was "poised to select" Brian Ellner as its next executive director. It was later reported that Ellner's past affiliation with Michael Bloomberg had been criticized by some ESPA supporters; for whatever reason, he withdrew his name from consideration,〔("Former Bloomberg Aide to Take On Opponents of Gay Marriage" ), Michael Barbaro, "City Room", ''New York Times''〕 and on the 22nd ESPA instead announced appointing Ross D. Levi, an attorney, to the position. Levi had been a legislative assistant at the New York State Legislature starting in 1997 and part of ESPA's Albany staff since before 2000, and since 2006 had held its title as Director of Public Policy & Education.〔("Gay Rights Group Fires Chief, Central in Marriage Fight" ), Kate Taylor, ''New York Times'', March 6, 2012〕〔("Ross Levi at Empire State Pride Agenda 2010 Fall Dinner" ), video.〕 On July 2, another reporter reported (on the same NYT blog) Ellner's appointment to head the "Campaign for New York Marriage", financed by Human Rights Campaign.〔 On April 20, 2011, New Yorkers United for Marriage was instituted as an alliance among ESPA, Marriage Equality New York, and the Human Rights Campaign. A March 6, 2012, report stated〔("Pride Agenda Board Fires Ross Levi" ), Paul Schindler, March 06, 2012, ''Gay City News''〕 that Levi had been "fired" the preceding day. The ''Times'' credited that as the first report, and suggested that ESPA board members felt Human Rights Campaign's work under Ellner had caught attention to the detriment of ESPA's role.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Empire State Pride Agenda」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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